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Inverse View
It is not the case that Rawls's difference principle addresses social institutions, not natural distributions, which fall outside the scope of basic structural justice.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Institutions inevitably interact with natural distributions; ignoring nature means institutions may fail to achieve stated justice aims.
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2.
The distinction between 'natural' and 'institutional' is unstable; policies about education, medicine, and reproduction shape both.
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3.
If natural inequalities deserve no concern, talented individuals have weaker claims to help society benefit from their gifts fairly.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Justice concerns only what we can collectively control through institutions, not unchosen natural facts like genetic endowments.
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2.
Rawls's basic structure determines life prospects more than nature does, so institutional design deserves primary normative focus.
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3.
Conflating natural distribution with social justice creates impossible obligations to equalize traits beyond institutional reach.
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