Rawls's 'separateness of persons' objection establishes that aggregative utility formalisms obscure distributive structure by collapsing distinct individuals into a single welfare sum.
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Rawls(as the philosopher whose ideas are being referenced)
John Rawls, a 20th-century philosopher famous for developing theories about justice and fairness in society.
Welfare sum(as what aggregative approaches create)
A total calculation of overall happiness or well-being across an entire group, treating it as a single number rather than recognizing individual shares.
separateness of persons(Invoked by Taurek and Nozick to resist aggregative moral reasoning.)
The principle that individuals are distinct and their harms or interests cannot be pooled or traded off against one another as if they belonged to a single entity.