Recent work implementing natural logic suggests a large class of obvious inferences can be most readily implemented in syntactically analyzed natural language with some adjustments
(Haugeland's criterion for what it means to physically implement a computation)
A causal process that reliably carries out the operations specified by a program, with the right causal powers
inference(Nyāya epistemology)
A component of epistemology in Nyāya philosophy; a veritable inference yields knowledge about the world and must have premises that are themselves known
natural logic(MacCartney & Manning 2009)
A framework for implementing inferences that operates on syntactically analyzed natural language rather than translating into formal logic, closer to Montagovian semantics than FOL-based approaches
(for some specific time t). However, a difficulty with this strategy is encountered for quantification within intensional contexts, as in the sentence “John believes that every galaxy harbors some life-form.” While we can represent the (implausible) wide-scope reading “For every galaxy there is some life-form such that John believes that the galaxy harbors that life-form,” using the Holds strategy, we cannot readily represent the natural narrow-scope reading because FOL disallows variable-bindi