Relativized or two-dimensional semantics (à la Kaplan/Chalmers) allows 'London' and 'Londres' to differ in cognitive significance while co-referring, dissolving the Fregean dilemma.
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David Kaplan is a philosopher who studied how words like 'I,' 'here,' and 'now' work—words whose meaning depends on who's speaking and when they're speaking.
The Fregean dilemma(in philosophy of language)
A puzzle named after philosopher Gottlob Frege: if two names refer to the same thing, why don't sentences using them always mean the same thing and have the same truth value?
co-referring(in philosophy of language)
When two different words or phrases point to the exact same thing in the world—for example, 'the author of Romeo and Juliet' and 'Shakespeare' both refer to the same person.
semantics(Distinguished from metasemantics and pragmatics in Kaplan 1989)
The domain that concerns the facts about what meanings words or phrases have.
two-dimensional semantics
A comprehensive theory of how we can evaluate claims about possibility and necessity, used to argue that the conceivability of zombies entails their possibility