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Inverse View
It is not the case that Rousseau's 'natural man' in Discourse on Inequality was self-sufficient, solitary, and untroubled before social institutions corrupted him.
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Reasons For
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1.
Hunter-gatherer societies display organized violence, status hierarchies, and division of labor—contradicting the 'untroubled solitary' portrait.
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2.
Language, tool-use, and pair-bonding are natural human capacities requiring social coordination, so 'natural man' couldn't exist without society.
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3.
Rousseau provides no mechanism explaining how self-sufficient individuals would voluntarily form corrupting institutions without pre-existing social needs.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Anthropological evidence shows isolated human populations developed minimal hierarchy, suggesting natural humans lack inherent domination instincts.
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2.
Rousseau's account explains universal human suffering across cultures by identifying a common source: social institutions creating inequality and dependence.
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3.
Children raised without socialization exhibit minimal shame and competitive anxiety, supporting the view that these are socially constructed.
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