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    Russell's own distinction between knowledge by acquaintan... — Carmelics
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    Supports→The existence of matter cannot be inferred from the prima facie existence of sensa

    Russell's own distinction between knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description shows that sensa are directly known, while matter is only hypothetically described as their cause.

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    Key Terms

    Hypothetically described(describing how Russell viewed our relationship to matter)
    Something we assume or propose as an explanation, but don't directly experience—we treat it as 'if this exists, it would explain what we observe.'
    Russell
    # Russell Russell most commonly refers to **Bertrand Russell**, a highly influential British philosopher, logician, and social critic (1872-1970) who fundamentally changed how we think about logic, language, and knowledge. He's famous for showing that common-sense reasoning can contain hidden contradictions and for arguing that philosophy should use the precision of mathematics to solve problems. Russell also became a prominent public intellectual who wrote about everything from religion to nuclear weapons, making him one of the most important thinkers of the 20th century.
    knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
    Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.
    knowledge by acquaintance

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    (NE §382; derived from Russell)
    Direct perceptual knowledge of something, as opposed to knowledge mediated by description; used here to characterize how the self knows itself
    knowledge by description(NE §382; derived from Russell)
    Indirect knowledge of something through descriptive content rather than direct perception; contrasted with knowledge by acquaintance
    matter(Kant's critical epistemology, agreeing with Leibniz on this point)
    Not a thing in itself with mind-independent characteristics, but an appearance — objects as presented to human perception, characterized by shape, contact, and movement.
    sensa(NE §373)
    Percepta given by means of the sense organs of the body, as distinguished from mental states or spiritual data given by introspection

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    Perception1 linkedSkepticism1 linked

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    The existence of matter cannot be inferred from the prima facie existence of sen...

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