Scheffler's critique of agent-centered prerogatives shows that any system tying moral categories to externally justified sanctions cannot generate the agent-relative distinctions the fourfold scheme requires.

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Scheffler(referenced as the philosopher making the critique): Samuel Scheffler is a contemporary philosopher who studies ethics and wrote influential critiques about how we think morality should work, particularly questioning whether it's okay to prioritize your own projects and interests.
agent-centered prerogatives(the specific moral idea being criticized): The idea that people are allowed to care more about their own goals and wellbeing than about helping others equally—basically, the question of whether you're permitted to be somewhat selfish.
agent-relative distinctions(the kind of moral differences the system supposedly needs but can't create): Differences in how morality applies depending on whose perspective you're looking from—what's right for you might differ from what's right for someone else.
externally justified sanctions(a way of justifying moral rules that Scheffler says doesn't work)

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