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    Schiffer's 'pleonastic' account shows that-clauses genera... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→That-clauses must designate entities fitting the propositional role (i.e., propositions) in order to explain the validity and soundness of certain argument patterns

    Schiffer's 'pleonastic' account shows that-clauses generate 'something-from-nothing' transformations, meaning their apparent designata are logical shadows of sentences, not robust entities.

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    Key Terms

    Designata(referring to what that-clauses appear to pick out)
    The things that words or phrases point to or refer to—basically, what something stands for or represents.
    Logical shadows(describing the nature of what that-clauses refer to)
    Things that seem to exist or have properties only because of how our language works, but don't have independent reality apart from the sentences we use.
    Pleonastic(describing Schiffer's account of how language works)
    A philosophical approach that says certain things don't need to exist as real objects—they're just convenient ways of talking about other things that do exist.
    Robust entities(contrasting with things that only seem to exist through language)
    Real, solid, independent things that exist on their own, separate from how we talk about them.

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    Schiffer(as a philosopher whose theory is being discussed)
    Stephen Schiffer is a philosopher who studied how language and communication work, particularly how speakers convey meaning to their audiences.
    Something-from-nothing transformation(describing what that-clauses do according to Schiffer's view)
    A process where language creates the appearance of a new thing existing when really no new real object has been created.
    That-clauses(the type of language structure being analyzed)
    Phrases starting with 'that' used to express thoughts or statements, like 'that the Earth is round' or 'that cats are animals.'

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    Philosophy of Language1 linked

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    That-clauses must designate entities fitting the propositional role (i.e., propo...

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