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    Scientific causal reasoning implicitly assumes relevance:... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Classical logic's material conditional 'A → B' is truth-functional and has proven indispensable in mathematics and science without relevance constraints.

    Scientific causal reasoning implicitly assumes relevance: we reject conditionals where antecedent and consequent are logically unrelated, suggesting relevance constraints are necessary.

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    Key Terms

    Antecedent(referring to causal conditions that would exist before Plato's decision)
    Something that comes before something else in time; in this case, an earlier event or cause.
    Conditionals(as used in logic and philosophy of language)
    Statements that express 'if-then' relationships, like 'if it rains, then the ground gets wet.'
    Consequent(as used in logic)
    The 'then' part of an if-then statement—the result that follows from the condition.
    Logically unrelated(as used to describe when different parts of a statement don't logically connect)
    Two ideas that have no connection to each other in terms of meaning or reasoning—like comparing apples to mathematics.
    Relevance constraints(as used in reasoning about what counts as a real causal relationship)

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    Rules or limits that say a cause must actually be connected to its effect in a meaningful way, not just happen to occur together by accident.
    causal reasoning(Hume's analysis of induction)
    Reasoning in which past observations serve as evidence for judgments regarding what will happen in relevantly similar circumstances in the future, depending on the assumption that the future course of nature will resemble the past

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    Classical logic's material conditional 'A → B' is truth-functional and has prove...

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