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    Scotus's argument against infinite regress in contingent ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Many of our own acts are known with certainty equal to first principles

    Scotus's argument against infinite regress in contingent knowledge presupposes that immediate apprehension of one's own acts constitutes propositional knowledge, which Sellars's critique of the Myth of the Given denies.

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    Key Terms

    Scotus (John Duns Scotus)(The statement refers to his specific argument about knowledge)
    A medieval philosopher who developed arguments about how we know things, particularly about what counts as real knowledge versus just having beliefs.
    Sellars (Wilfrid Sellars)(His critique contradicts Scotus's assumptions)
    A 20th-century American philosopher who challenged the idea that we can have pure, direct knowledge of things independent of our concepts and language.
    contingent knowledge(The type of knowledge Scotus's argument addresses)
    Knowledge about things that could be different or could fail to exist—basically, knowledge about facts that aren't necessarily true in every possible situation.
    immediate apprehension(Scotus believed this kind of direct knowledge is important)
    Direct awareness or understanding of something without needing reasoning or other steps in between—like instantly knowing you're feeling pain without having to think about it.

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    infinite regress(modes of argumentation available to a dogmatist)
    An argument structure in which grounds are offered for a claim P, then grounds for those grounds, and so on indefinitely without ever repeating a proposition
    knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
    Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.
    myth of the given(a view attributed to many empiricists)
    The assumption that there is a privileged observation vocabulary whose meanings are fixed by what is given and are thus unrevisable or incorrigible
    propositional knowledge(Used to argue that even first-person experiential knowledge involves fallible classification)
    Knowledge expressed as a proposition, which requires classifying the subject matter together with other things of the same type

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    Many of our own acts are known with certainty equal to first principles

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