Self-recognition minimally requires that an organism represent the stimulus as 'mine' rather than merely as 'familiar,' a distinction Bermúdez argues requires higher-order conceptual capacities.

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Bermúdez(the philosopher being cited as arguing for a particular theory): José Luis Bermúdez is a contemporary philosopher who studies how animals and humans develop the ability to think about themselves and understand their own minds.
Familiar(contrasted with 'mine' to explain different levels of understanding): Something you recognize or have seen before, but doesn't necessarily mean you understand it belongs to you or originates from you.
Higher-order conceptual capacities(the mental ability Bermúdez claims is necessary for true self-recognition): Advanced thinking skills that allow you to think about your own thoughts—to step back and reflect on your ideas rather than just having them automatically.
Represent (in philosophy)(as used in philosophy of representation): To stand for or express something else—like how a map represents a territory, or a word represents a concept.

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