Sen's capability approach and Rawlsian contractualism both generate inequality assessments that are decomposable yet explicitly reject the individualist independence assumptions Argument 1 attributes to separability.

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Decomposable(as used in philosophy of mathematics and logic): Able to be broken down into smaller, separate parts that can be analyzed individually.
Individualist independence assumptions(as used in social philosophy): The idea that how fair society is can be figured out by looking at each person separately, and that the fairness of one person's situation doesn't depend on or relate to anyone else's situation.
Inequality assessments(as used in social and political philosophy): Methods for measuring and evaluating how unequal a society is—looking at the gaps between people in wealth, opportunity, or well-being.
Rawlsian contractualism(as used in political philosophy): A theory of fairness by philosopher John Rawls based on the idea that a just society is one that people would agree to if they didn't know what position they'd have in it (rich, poor, healthy, sick, etc.).
Sen's capability approach(as used in ethics and economics): A theory by economist Amartya Sen that judges whether a society is fair by looking at what people are actually able to do and achieve (their 'capabilities'), not just how much money or resources they have.
separability(Einstein's realist framework for physical theory): Einstein's assumption that the physical states of spatially separated systems are independent of one another

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