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Inverse View
It is not the case that Sen's capability approach demonstrates that utility functions systematically misrepresent welfare by ignoring adaptive preferences formed under deprivation.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Adaptive preferences may reflect rational coping rather than misrepresentation; contentment despite limits can be genuine welfare.
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2.
Capabilities require external judgment of what matters; utilities respect individual heterogeneity in what constitutes good living.
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3.
Sen provides no metric for measuring capabilities objectively; without operationalization, the approach cannot empirically test its claims.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
People systematically lower satisfaction reports when denied goods; utility thus reflects acceptance, not actual welfare loss.
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2.
A slave content with slavery has high utility but lacks freedoms Sen identifies as constitutive of human flourishing.
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3.
Capability approach measures real opportunities available; utility measures only subjective satisfaction from constrained choices.
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