Sen's capability approach, itself rooted in welfare-consequentialist concerns, demonstrates that welfare is multidimensional and cannot be reduced to a single health-indexed metric.

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Health-indexed metric(as the reductive approach Sen argues against): A single number or measurement that tries to capture someone's well-being using only health information—like saying 'a person's quality of life equals their health score.'
Multidimensional(describing the nature of welfare): Having many different parts or aspects rather than just one. Think of it like judging a restaurant on multiple things (food quality, service, atmosphere) instead of just price.
Sen(as a philosopher critiquing theories of justice): Amartya Sen is an influential economist and philosopher who argues that what matters for human wellbeing isn't just resources, but what people can actually do and become with those resources.
Welfare-consequentialist(as the philosophical foundation of the capability approach): An approach that judges whether something is good or bad based on whether it increases people's well-being or happiness as a result. It focuses on outcomes and consequences rather than rules or intentions.

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