Sextus Empiricus documented that the Academics, particularly Carneades, successfully produced cases where non-cognitive impressions are phenomenologically identical to cognitive ones.

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Carneades(as the philosopher mentioned): An ancient Greek philosopher (214-129 BCE) who led the Skeptical Academy and argued that we cannot achieve certain knowledge.
Phenomenologically identical(as used in epistemology and philosophy of mind): Two experiences that feel exactly the same from the inside, even if they were caused by different things or are actually different situations.
Sextus Empiricus(the source being cited for information about Stoic signs): An ancient Greek philosopher (around 200 CE) who documented skeptical arguments and different philosophical schools' ideas in his writings.
The Academics(as the philosophers whose arguments Sextus documented): A group of ancient Greek philosophers who followed the teaching tradition started by Plato; they argued that knowledge is impossible or very difficult to achieve.

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