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It is not the case that Sidgwick argued that the 'dualism of practical reason' reveals that self-interest and universal benevolence issue irreconcilable rational demands.
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Reasons For
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1.
The demands only appear irreconcilable because Sidgwick conflates rational egoism with rational self-interest; prudence permits benevolence.
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2.
Evolutionary and contractarian arguments show that impartial rules often serve self-interest rationally, dissolving the purported conflict.
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3.
If the demands are truly irreconcilable, practical reason collapses—but agents successfully navigate both, suggesting Sidgwick's framing errs.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Rationality requires consistency, but self-interest and impartial benevolence can demand opposite actions in resource allocation.
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2.
No higher-order principle derives from reason alone that adjudicates between agent-centered and impartial rational requirements.
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3.
Sidgwick's dualism identifies a genuine logical gap that empiricist ethics cannot resolve through naturalistic reduction.
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