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    Since kalām, Thomistic, and Leibnizian arguments all term... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Objections to one version of the cosmological argument need not refute other versions

    Since kalām, Thomistic, and Leibnizian arguments all terminate their regress by positing a necessary being, Kant's transcendental dialectic refutes the shared terminus rather than a version-specific premise.

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    Key Terms

    Leibnizian(as used in the history of philosophy)
    Related to the ideas of Gottfried Leibniz, a 17th-century philosopher who believed that reality is made up of simple substances called 'monads' and that everything follows a pre-established harmony.
    Regress(as used in epistemology and logic)
    An infinite chain of reasoning where each explanation requires another explanation, like asking 'why?' infinitely and never reaching a final answer.
    Thomistic(describes a particular school of philosophical thought)
    Related to the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas, a medieval Christian thinker who tried to combine Aristotle's ideas with Christian theology.
    Transcendental Dialectic(Critique of Pure Reason)
    The part of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason in which he argues against the Leibniz-Wolffian claim that humans have a priori knowledge of the soul, world-whole, and God.

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    kalām(Islamic theological tradition that Fārābī's Perfect City structurally mirrors but methodologically opposes)
    A tradition of theological treatises and methods whose typical structure proceeds from God's existence, unity, attributes, and acts, to God's creation including human beings, to prophecy, the religious community, and the afterlife or return to God
    necessary being(Theistic metaphysics)
    A being that exists and is God in every possible world
    terminus(Contrasted with subiectum in theories of transmutation)
    The end-point or term of a change
    version-specific premise(as a logical distinction)
    An assumption unique to one particular type of argument (like something only Thomistic philosophy assumes) rather than something all three argument types share.

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    Natural Theology1 linked

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    Objections to one version of the cosmological argument need not refute other ver...

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