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    Sober's argument in 'The Nature of Selection' establishes... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Intrinsic similarity is not necessary for membership of the same species.

    Sober's argument in 'The Nature of Selection' establishes that species have real intrinsic population-level properties (e.g., mean fitness) that ground sameness of kind without requiring individual universality.

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    Key Terms

    Ground (or grounding)(explaining what provides the basis for requirements)
    To serve as the foundation or reason for something; to explain why something is true or obligatory.
    Sober(named philosopher being referenced)
    Elliott Sober is a philosopher of science who developed important arguments about how to compare different explanations of why things exist or happen the way they do.
    The Nature of Selection(as the title of Sober's work)
    A influential book by Sober that examines what natural selection actually is and how it explains differences between living things.
    individual universality(as what Sober argues is NOT necessary to explain what a species is)
    The idea that all members of a group must share some identical feature or trait that every single one of them has—a strict requirement that every individual be exactly alike in some way.

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    intrinsic properties(Contrasted with structural properties revealed by physics)
    Properties which supposedly underlie and account for the structural properties of things.
    mean fitness(as an example of a population-level property)
    In evolution, the average ability of all members of a species to survive and reproduce—a measure of how well a group is doing overall.
    population-level properties(describing what Sober argues species possess)
    Characteristics that describe a whole group of organisms rather than any single individual—for example, the average height of all humans, or how many members a species has.
    sameness of kind(as what is explained by population-level properties)
    What makes things belong to the same category or type—in this case, what makes individual organisms count as members of the same species.

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    2 topics

    Modality & Possibility1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

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    Intrinsic similarity is not necessary for membership of the same species.

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