Sounds we hear also include events or act-types that can lack acoustic properties (such as footsteps), perceivable by modalities other than audition, and can exist in a vacuum.

Soteriou (2018) claims that both versions of the event theory are too strict about what they count as sounds: the Located Event Theory counts as sounds only monadic events happening at material objects; the Relational Event Theory, instead, admits only relational events that are bearers of acoustic properties. Soteriou challenges the assumption that sounds are one kind of thing and suggests that the sounds we hear are both pure audibilia (such as the barking of a dog), which are events or act-ty