Herbart now faces a problem. All spatial and temporal differences, such as right and left, or earlier and later, lie in the representation, not in the act of representing (SW VI: 87). Yet because representing must precede the represented, the soul must, through its representational activity—which, itself, exhibits no spatio-temporal differences—introduce spatio-temporal relations into the representation. Yet the representation is not real; and, quā repraesentātum, it cannot “really [wirklich] be