Spencer grounds moral rules in evolutionary adaptation, but evolution selects for reproductive fitness, not hedonic experience, making pleasure epiphenomenal to his own foundational mechanism.

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Reproductive fitness(measure of evolutionary success): How successful an organism is at surviving long enough to have babies and passing on its genes to the next generation.
Spencer(as a key figure in naturalist philosophy): Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), an English philosopher who applied the idea of evolution to society and ethics, arguing that morality develops naturally from survival and competition.
epiphenomenal(Used to characterize the hypothetical judgment in Hardimon's view once the justice condition is isolated): Playing no genuine justificatory role; present in the account but doing no independent normative work
evolutionary adaptation(as the proposed foundation for morality): Traits or behaviors that organisms develop over time because they help them survive and have more offspring in their environment.

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