- Divine necessity(as a core belief of classical theism)
- The idea that God must exist by definition or nature—it's impossible for God not to exist, rather than being a coincidence or choice.
- Falsifiable(as a key characteristic of scientific claims)
- Capable of being proven wrong; something is falsifiable if we can imagine evidence or an experiment that would show it's false.
- Inductive framing(as Swinburne's method of approaching God's existence)
- A way of reasoning that starts with specific observations or evidence and builds toward a general conclusion, like collecting data to support a larger claim.
- Non-empirical truth(as how classical theism views God's existence)
- Something that is true but cannot be verified through observation, experience, or scientific testing—it's known through reason or belief alone.
- Swinburne(in philosophy of religion)
- Richard Swinburne, a famous British philosopher who wrote about God, religion, and the problem of evil—he argued that God's existence can be rationally defended despite the existence of evil in the world.
- classical theism(Contrasted with process theism in the debate over human freedom)
- The theological view, represented by Aquinas, that God's will is perfectly efficacious and that divine sovereignty is compatible with human freedom through dual sufficient causation
- hypothesis(Phase three of Dewey's pattern of inquiry)
- A construction that imaginatively utilizes both theoretical ideas and perceptual facts to forecast the possible consequences of various operations