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    The actual existence of things outside the soul is not al... — Carmelics
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    The actual existence of things outside the soul is not always required for an affirmative proposition to be true.

    Philosophy of LanguageTruth & Knowledge
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    1 reason for
    2 reasons against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
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    • 1.Some propositions predicate a common nature rather than an individual existent.
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    • 2.When a predicate belongs necessarily to the nature of the subject (e.g., 'a human being is an animal'), the proposition is true regardless of whether any instance actually exists outside the soul.
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    Reasons Against

    2 perspectives
    Reason against 1 of 2
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    • 1.Truth is a relation of correspondence between a proposition and a fact obtaining in reality, not merely between concepts (Aristotle, Metaphysics 1011b25).
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    • 2.A proposition affirming something of a subject has truth-conditions that require the subject's referent to exist in order for the predication to obtain.
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    • 3.If no human beings exist, 'a human being is an animal' fails to correspond to any actual state of affairs, rendering it truth-valueless rather than true.
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    Reason against 2 of 2
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    • 1.Frege and Russell established that universal affirmatives like 'all S are P' carry existential import only under interpretations that presuppose non-empty domains.
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    • 2.Kilwardby's move to ground truth in common natures rather than existents covertly relocates truth from propositions to definitions, conflating analytic necessity with propositional truth.
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    • 3.A proposition that is true solely in virtue of conceptual containment is a definition or tautology, not a genuine affirmative truth about the world.
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    Philosophy of LanguageTruth & Knowledge

    Related

    A proposition affirming something of a subject has truth-conditions that require...A proposition that is true solely in virtue of conceptual containment is a defin...Frege and Russell established that universal affirmatives like 'all S are P' car...If no human beings exist, 'a human being is an animal' fails to correspond to an...
    +4 moreShow less
    Kilwardby's move to ground truth in common natures rather than existents covertl...Some propositions predicate a common nature rather than an individual existent.Truth is a relation of correspondence between a proposition and a fact obtaining...When a predicate belongs necessarily to the nature of the subject (e.g., 'a huma...

    Similar

    For things that can but do not yet exist outside the soul, existence i...84%When a predicate belongs necessarily to the nature of the subject (e.g...81%X could exist outside the soul as it does in the soul without there be...80%A proposition is contingently true when it is true in the actual world...80%

    Source

    AI-extracted1/3 agreementValid
    SEP: robert-kilwardby
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    The actual existence of things outside the soul is not always required for a (affirmative) proposition (here understood as a statement-making sentence) to be true (NLP II.7, 381). Nonbeing can be understood as being not yet actual but in potency only, that is, that has an aptitude to exist in actuality.[24] About those things that can but do not yet exist outside the soul, existence is taken to refer to the (common) nature and not to the individual (NLP II.7, 379): when animal is predicated of
    Extraction notes

    Validity: Extracted via Max plan + API grounding/validity checks

    Details

    Type
    claim
    Perspectives
    3 (1 for, 2 against)
    Edits
    1 edit