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    Carmelics

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    LoyalLoyalJusticeJustice
    Made withinDC&Austin
    Statements
    321,452
    Perspectives
    108,905
    Topics
    42
    Home/Original/inverse
    See Original
    Inverse View

    It is not the case that The added conviction of 'knowing that one knows' is epistemically idle if the first-order belief is true and reliably formed, as Gettier cases demonstrate.

    ?Set your confidence on the premises below to see your aggregate.

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
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    • 1.Second-order knowledge requires proper justification distinct from first-order belief; this justification can eliminate Gettier-type defects.
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    • 2.Gettier cases undermine simple reliability accounts, not all theories of knowledge—justified true belief plus safety/sensitivity survives them.
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    • 3.Meta-knowledge can provide additional warranting conditions (like internal coherence checks) that first-order reliability cannot supply alone.
      ?

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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Gettier cases show true, reliably-formed beliefs can lack knowledge, proving first-order reliability alone is insufficient.
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    • 2.Second-order conviction adds no new causal mechanism ensuring truth; it merely reflects confidence about the first-order state.
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    • 3.If a belief is already true and reliably produced, additional meta-level conviction cannot improve its epistemic status further.
      ?

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