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    The analysis struggles with cases where background condit... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Mackie's INUS condition analysis entails that a cause need only be an insufficient but necessary part of an unnecessary but sufficient condition, not an independent antecedent.

    The analysis struggles with cases where background conditions (oxygen, gravity) seem more 'necessary' than the putative cause, challenging intuitions about what truly causes events.

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    Key Terms

    Necessary(ontological distinction in Mulla Sadra's metaphysics)
    The principle, God; pure existence without essence, quality or property that undergoes change or motion
    analysis(Leibniz's account of contingency via infinite analysis)
    The process of replacing the terms of a proposition with definitions or partial definitions.
    background conditions(Perry's objection to success semantics)
    Conditions required for an action's success (e.g., gravity, oxygen concentration) about which the agent may have no beliefs at all
    causation(Lewis's counterfactual theory of causation)
    Event C causes event E if and only if there exists a chain C, D1, …, Dn, E such that each member (except C) is counterfactually dependent on the preceding event; causation is the ancestral of counterfactual dependence

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    intuitions(Chudnoff's account of intuitions as the basis of a priori justification)
    Intellectual perceptions that sometimes reveal abstract reality, possessing a presentational phenomenology that can be evoked through imagination, reflection, or reasoning
    putative cause(philosophy of causation)
    Something that is claimed or assumed to be the cause of an event, even though we might question whether it really is.

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    Mackie's INUS condition analysis entails that a cause need only be an insufficie...

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