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    The apparent cognitive difference between the two sentenc... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The propositions expressed by 'Hesperus is bright' and 'Phosphorus is bright' have different fundamental constituents, even though Hesperus is Phosphorus.

    The apparent cognitive difference between the two sentences is explained pragmatically or psychologically, not by positing distinct fundamental propositional constituents, preserving compositionality without multiplying semantic entities.

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    Key Terms

    Pragmatically(describing Euclid's practical approach to using the parallel postulate)
    Dealing with something based on what actually works in practice, rather than on theory or principle alone.
    cognitive difference(as used in philosophy of mind)
    A difference in how our minds understand or experience something, like the difference between thinking about 'now' versus thinking about a specific time.
    compositionality(Philosophy of language; the passage treats idioms as candidate counterexamples because their meanings appear not to be so constructed)
    The property of natural language whereby the meaning of a complex expression is built from the meanings of its constituting parts
    multiplying semantic entities(a concern in philosophy about not overcomplicating explanations)
    Creating or assuming more separate 'meaning-things' than necessary; essentially, making things more complicated than they need to be by inventing extra concepts.

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    propositional constituents(what neo-Russellians believe are directly referential and context-independent)
    The basic building blocks that make up a proposition, or the smallest pieces of meaning that combine to form a complete thought.
    semantic entities(what philosophers count as 'real things' in the world of meaning)
    Things that carry meaning—like words, concepts, or ideas that exist as distinct units in how we understand language.

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    Philosophy of Language1 linked

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    The propositions expressed by 'Hesperus is bright' and 'Phosphorus is bright' ha...

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