The argument conflates hypothetical necessity (p necessarily follows given q) with absolute necessity (□p), and Spinoza's own texts in the Short Treatise suggest modes exhibit only the former relative to their causal antecedents.

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Causal antecedents(what the statement says should NOT determine justification): Events that happened in the past that caused something to occur; the earlier steps in a chain of cause-and-effect.
Conflates(in argumentation and logic): Treats two different things as if they're the same thing, or mixes them up in a way that causes confusion.
Short Treatise(as the source text being referenced): An early, shorter work written by Spinoza that contains his first attempts at explaining his philosophical ideas, written before his more famous work.
Spinoza: Baruch Spinoza was a 17th-century Dutch philosopher who argued that God and nature are the same thing, and that everything in the universe is interconnected as one unified whole. He believed that understanding how things work through reason and logic—rather than through emotion or superstition—leads to happiness and freedom. His ideas were revolutionary for his time and continue to influence modern philosophy, theology, and how we think about the relationship between mind and body.

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