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    The claim conflates epistemology with ontology illegitima... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Absence of proof of superpolynomial lower bounds is not equivalent to absence of superpolynomial lower bounds in those systems.

    The claim conflates epistemology with ontology illegitimately. Absence of proof may genuinely indicate absence of fact in formal systems designed precisely to capture computability.

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    Key Terms

    Conflates(in argumentation and logic)
    Treats two different things as if they're the same thing, or mixes them up in a way that causes confusion.
    Formal systems(the systems Hilbert tried to use)
    A set of basic symbols and strict rules for manipulating them (like a logical language), designed to avoid ambiguity and prove statements with certainty.
    Ontology(Carnap argues this enterprise is based on a mistake)
    The philosophical discipline that tries to answer hard questions about what there really is.
    computability(computer science and philosophy of mathematics)
    The study of what problems can or cannot be solved by following a step-by-step procedure (algorithm) on a computer.
    epistemology(Contrasted with purely descriptive scientific inquiry)

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    A normative enterprise that tells us how we ought to reason from evidence and how we ought to justify our beliefs, as distinct from merely describing how we do reason or justify beliefs
    proof(Frege's formal system; the definition still used by logicians today)
    Any finite sequence of statements such that each statement is either an axiom of the formal system or follows from previous members of the sequence by a valid rule of inference.

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