The cognitive difference between 'Hesperus is Hesperus' and 'Hesperus is Phosphorus' is explained by differences in context of utterance and speaker psychology, not in semantic Sinn (Salmon, Frege's Puzzle).
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Speaker psychology(as used in philosophy of language)
The mental state, beliefs, and intentions of the person who is speaking.
cognitive difference(as used in philosophy of mind)
A difference in how our minds understand or experience something, like the difference between thinking about 'now' versus thinking about a specific time.
context of utterance(The temporal operator 'one hundred years ago' is said to shift this context for expressions in its scope)
The contextual parameters (including time) relative to which the reference of context-sensitive expressions is determined
semantic(describing the level of word meaning)
Relating to the meaning of words and sentences.
sinn(Fregean philosophy of language and propositional composition)
Frege's German term, usually translated as 'sense'; refers to meanings or concepts that serve as the constituents of propositions on the Fregean view.