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    The distinction between sublunary and superlunary realms ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The hylomorphic axiom that form requires matter applies only to sublunary composites, not to separate intellects or divine beings in Aristotelian cosmology.

    The distinction between sublunary and superlunary realms rests on empirical observation, not metaphysical necessity, so the form-matter axiom's scope shouldn't depend on physical location.

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    Key Terms

    Empirical observation(What scientists rely on to test their ideas about how the world works)
    Information we gather by directly experiencing or measuring something with our senses or scientific instruments, rather than just thinking about it theoretically.
    Form-matter axiom(as used in ancient philosophy and metaphysics)
    A principle from Aristotle stating that physical objects are made of two components: form (the shape or essence of what something is) and matter (the physical stuff it's made of).
    Sublunary realm(Ancient cosmology)
    The region of the physical world below the moon, studied by Aristotle in De Caelo, On Generation and Corruption, and the Meteorologica.
    Superlunary realm(as used in cosmology and ancient physics)
    In ancient and medieval philosophy, the region above the Moon's orbit, including the stars and planets—thought to be eternal, unchanging, and perfect.

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    metaphysical necessity(Distinguishing types of necessity)
    A property of things that must be the case but not purely by logical form — true in all possible worlds without being logical tautologies
    scope(formal semantics / generalized quantifier theory)
    The second argument of a type ⟨1,1⟩ determiner denotation

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