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    The formula 'there exists an x such that x is possibly a ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The BF instance is falsified by the case of Bergoglio's children

    The formula 'there exists an x such that x is possibly a child of Bergoglio' is false (nothing in the actual world is a child of Bergoglio in any world)

    Modality & PossibilityPhilosophy of Language
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    The BF instance is falsified by the case of Bergoglio's childrenThe formula 'possibly there exists an x such that x is a child of Bergoglio' is ...

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    All three of the controversial logical truths of SQML—BF, CBF, and \(\Box\textbf{N}\)—are invalid in KQML, that is, in KQML, they are not logically true. The key in each case is KQML’s modification of the way that quantified formulas are evaluated at worlds. As we saw in §3.3 above, the validity of BF in SQML—its truth in every interpretation—depends essentially on the fact that, in evaluating an existentially quantified formula \(\exists\nu\varphi\) at an arbitrary possible world \(w,\) the i

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