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    The identity of distinct attributes generates a formal co... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→God must be rather than have his attributes (the doctrine of divine simplicity).

    The identity of distinct attributes generates a formal contradiction that cannot be dissolved by appeal to ineffability or analogical predication without abandoning cognitive meaningfulness of theological language.

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    Key Terms

    Cognitive meaningfulness(philosophy of language)
    Whether a statement actually communicates real knowledge or understanding, or whether it's just words that sound good but don't tell us anything we can actually understand.
    Formal contradiction(logic)
    A logical impossibility where something is claimed to be both true and false at the same time, which breaks the basic rules of reasoning.
    Identity of distinct attributes(medieval theology)
    The idea that two completely different properties or characteristics could actually be the same thing—like claiming 'being all-powerful' and 'being all-knowing' are secretly identical even though they seem different.
    Ineffability(theology and philosophy of language)
    The quality of something being impossible to describe or put into words accurately.

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    Theological language(theology and philosophy)
    Words and statements used to talk about God and religion, and the question of whether we can ever truly describe God accurately.
    analogical predication(Aquinas's theory for how positive terms like 'good' can be truly applied to God despite divine transcendence.)
    A mode of predication in which a term applied to God has a sense that is neither univocal with nor purely equivocal to its creaturely use; instead, the creaturely property preexists in God in a higher mode.

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    God must be rather than have his attributes (the doctrine of divine simplicity).

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