- Distinct substances(as used in metaphysics)
- Completely separate and fundamentally different kinds of things that have nothing essentially in common with each other.
- Identity theory(Contrasted with dualism in philosophy of mind)
- The philosophical position that mental states are identical to brain states (mind-brain identity theory)
- Mere correlation(contrasted with actual causation in this statement)
- Two things happening together or in a pattern, but with no actual causal connection between them—they could be coincidental.
- Place, Smart, Armstrong(philosophy of mind - historical figures)
- Three influential philosophers (U.T. Place, J.J.C. Smart, and David Armstrong) who developed and defended identity theory in the mid-20th century.
- Systematic correlation(philosophy of mind)
- A consistent, regular pattern where one thing reliably goes together with another—for example, whenever you see lightning, thunder follows.
- Token identity(in philosophy of mind)
- The philosophical idea that specific individual instances of mental events (like your right-now feeling of pain) are identical to specific physical events in your brain, even if mental and physical properties seem different in general.
- type identity(Contrasted with token-token identity in the passage)
- A relation holding between mental kinds and neurophysiological kinds when every instance of a given mental state type corresponds to the same neurophysiological state type across all beings