The individualist restriction leads to a clearly false conclusion in Parfit's Case Four.

The individualist restriction enables contractualism to diverge from utilitarianism in this case. Because the other people’s reasons cannot be aggregated, they cannot ever outweigh Blue’s reason. But opponents of the individualist restriction will object that this is a coincidence. The real reason we should treat Blue is not because Blue’s burden would otherwise be greater, but because Blue would otherwise be so much worse-off. For instance, suppose instead that, if we do nothing, everyone (Blue