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    The inference from eternal constancy of the First Cause t... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→An eternally unchanging first cause can cause an eternally constant motion (such as the rotation of a heavenly sphere) by serving as a final cause — an object of desire

    The inference from eternal constancy of the First Cause to its causal efficacy therefore smuggles in a rationalist notion of necessary causation that begs the question against empiricist accounts.

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    Key Terms

    First Cause(Used to explain why scientific axioms fall short of perfect correspondence to reality)
    The ultimate explanatory ground of reality, complete understanding of which would ground perfect knowledge of scientific axioms
    Necessary causation(as used in metaphysics)
    The idea that if something causes an effect, it must always cause that effect in the same way—there's no way around it or exception to it.
    Rationalism(European philosophy, 17th century)
    A philosophical approach that grounds human knowledge in rational principles not susceptible to doubt, accessed through the light of reason rather than sacred text or ecclesiastical authority.
    begs the question(Informal fallacy in epistemic justification)
    A circular argument in which warrant for the premises already presupposes the truth of the conclusion

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    causal efficacy(Vaibhāṣika causal theory of cognition)
    The capacity of an object to serve as a real cause, which nonexistent objects are held to lack
    empiricism(Used in discussing what cannot explain false belief in Theaetetus 187–201)
    Either a developed philosophical theory or the instinctive empiricism of some people's common sense
    inference(Nyāya epistemology)
    A component of epistemology in Nyāya philosophy; a veritable inference yields knowledge about the world and must have premises that are themselves known

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    Causation1 linkedNatural Theology1 linked

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    An eternally unchanging first cause can cause an eternally constant motion (such...

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