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Inverse View
It is not the case that The interests of all sentient beings affected by an action should be taken equally into consideration when assessing the rightness or wrongness of that action.
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Reasons For
2 perspectives
Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Moral consideration requires the capacity for moral agency, not merely sentience (Kant, Groundwork).
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2.
Only beings capable of rational self-legislation can be ends-in-themselves rather than mere means.
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3.
Therefore, non-rational sentient beings lack the standing required for equal moral consideration.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Sentient beings differ radically in cognitive complexity, temporal self-awareness, and biographical life-planning (DeGrazia, Taking Animals Seriously).
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2.
Equal consideration of unequal interests produces morally distorted outcomes, as Singer's own preference utilitarianism implicitly acknowledges.
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3.
Therefore, 'equal consideration' must be weighted by the qualitative depth of the interests at stake, not applied uniformly across species.
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Reasons Against
1 perspective
Reason against
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1.
Utilitarian ethics evaluates actions based on the balance of pleasure and pain as such.
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2.
The question of to whom a pleasure or pain belongs is irrelevant to the utilitarian calculation.
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3.
Both human and non-human beings are capable of experiencing pleasure or pain (i.e., are sentient).
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