The logical gap between impoverished input and linguistic knowledge can be closed by general-purpose cognitive mechanisms such as analogy, pattern extraction, and pragmaticinference.
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Pattern extraction(used as one mechanism for learning language)
The ability to notice recurring similarities or rules in what you see or hear, and then apply those patterns to new situations.
Pragmatic inference(as contrasted with semantic meaning)
A conclusion you draw based on practical context and how language is actually used in real situations, rather than just the literal meaning of the words.
analogy(Contrasted with homology, which concerns correspondence due to common ancestry.)
A relation based on functional similarity between structures, which can occur despite different evolutionary origins.
knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.