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    Carmelics

    A reasoning platform. Break down any belief into clear reasons, explore both sides, and weigh the evidence honestly.

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    LoyalLoyalJusticeJustice
    Made withinDC&Austin
    Statements
    321,452
    Perspectives
    108,905
    Topics
    42
    Home/Original/inverse
    See Original
    Inverse View

    It is not the case that The names 'Superman' and 'Clark Kent' differ in sense despite being coreferential.

    ?Set your confidence on the premises below to see your aggregate.

    Reasons For

    2 perspectives
    Reason for 1 of 2
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    • 1.Names are rigid designators that directly refer to objects without the mediation of descriptive senses (Kripke, Naming and Necessity).
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    • 2.Apparent cognitive differences between 'Superman' and 'Clark Kent' reflect ignorance about identity, not distinct semantic senses attached to the names.
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    • 3.Therefore, the epistemic gap Lois Lane exhibits is a fact about her beliefs, not a feature of the names' meanings.
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    Reason for 2 of 2
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    • 1.Frege's criterion of sense-difference conflates the semantic content of an expression with a speaker's psychological mode of presentation (Salmon, Frege's Puzzle).
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    • 2.If substitution failures in propositional attitude contexts tracked genuine sense-differences, we would be forced to individuate senses so finely as to make communication across believers impossible.
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    • 3.A more parsimonious account holds that 'Superman' and 'Clark Kent' share a single semantic value while pragmatic or psychological factors explain substitution failures.
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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Two expressions differ in sense if a rational, reflective agent can assent to a sentence containing one while withholding assent from the corresponding sentence containing the other.
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    • 2.Lois Lane is a rational, reflective agent who believes the sentence containing 'Superman' to be true while withholding assent from the corresponding sentence containing 'Clark Kent'.
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    • 3.Therefore, 'Superman' and 'Clark Kent' differ in sense.
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    Next step

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    Strongest counterpoint
    Explore the most compelling reason on the other side.