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    The normative force of scientific consensus historically ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Non-epistemic values (such as ethical value judgements) legitimately enter into stages internal to scientific reasoning, including data collection and interpretation.

    The normative force of scientific consensus historically depends on its perceived insulation from interest-laden reasoning, so legitimising internal value-ladenness is self-undermining institutionally.

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    Key Terms

    Institutionally(as used in social philosophy)
    As it affects how an organization (like the scientific community) functions and maintains its credibility.
    Insulation from interest-laden reasoning(as used in philosophy of science)
    The separation between science and personal biases, politics, or money—the idea that scientists are just following the evidence, not trying to prove what benefits them.
    Scientific consensus(as used in philosophy of science)
    When the vast majority of scientists agree on something based on evidence—like how nearly all climate scientists agree that human activity is warming the planet.
    Self-undermining(in logic and argument)
    When an idea or rule contradicts itself or destroys the very thing it's trying to achieve.
    normative force

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    (Used to describe what Korsgaard's account aims to explain)
    The property in virtue of which an agent's reasons are binding on the agent.
    value-ladenness(Illustrated by multiple comparative psychology experiments where human-favorable interpretations were applied to results that could equally support chimpanzee superiority.)
    The property of scientific interpretations whereby pre-existing values or assumptions — such as the presumed superiority of one species — shape how empirical results are framed and communicated, even when the data are consistent with alternative interpretations.

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedMoral Responsibility1 linked

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    Non-epistemic values (such as ethical value judgements) legitimately enter into ...

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