The observed longitudinal discrepancies in Tycho Brahe's Mars data exceed 8 arc-minutes, a magnitude too large to attribute to observational error and irreconcilable with uniform circular motion.

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Arc-minutes(as a unit of astronomical measurement): A tiny unit used to measure angles in the sky; one arc-minute is 1/60th of a degree, so 8 arc-minutes is a noticeable but small angular distance.
Longitudinal discrepancies(as a measurement problem in astronomy): Differences in the east-west positions of Mars compared to where it was predicted to be based on existing theories.
Observational error(as an explanation for why measurements might not match predictions): Mistakes or inaccuracies that happen naturally when measuring or recording something, no matter how careful you are.
Tycho Brahe(as a historical figure whose data enabled scientific discoveries): A Danish astronomer (1546-1601) who made extremely detailed observations of the night sky without a telescope, providing the most accurate star and planet measurements available at his time.

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