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It is not the case that The one person can reasonably reject any principle that ignores the morally relevant asymmetry of five lives versus one life.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
The 'one person' has a special standing regarding their own body/agency that cannot be overridden by aggregate welfare, regardless of numerical differences.
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2.
Rejecting aggregate-welfare principles isn't irrational; deontological frameworks reasonably prioritize rights and duties over maximizing outcomes.
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3.
Allowing rejection of numerical-asymmetry principles opens space for each person to privilege their own projects, which may be morally defensible.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Saving five lives prevents five deaths while saving one prevents one; the numerical difference is morally significant and rationally defensible.
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2.
A principle ignoring this asymmetry treats one person's life as equal to five, which violates basic arithmetic reasoning applied to moral outcomes.
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3.
The one person can consistently claim their rejection is rational because any impartial observer would prefer preventing greater harm when possible.
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