In 1983, two of the most prominent anti-pornography feminists in the United States, Catharine MacKinnon and Andrea Dworkin, drafted an anti-pornography ordinance at the behest of the Minneapolis Council. A similar ordinance was passed by the Indianapolis City Council in 1984, but later overturned on appeal by the U.S. Supreme Court on the grounds that the ordinance violated pornographers’ First Amendment right to freedom of speech. Importantly, the ordinance did not seek to impose criminal prohi