The phi-phenomenon and flash-lag effect can be explained by predictive interpolation operating over discrete extensional snapshots, as argued by Dennett in 'Consciousness Explained' through the Multiple Drafts model.
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The brain's process of filling in gaps by guessing what should happen next based on patterns it detects, rather than just passively recording what it sees.
flash-lag effect(Cited as an example of apparent retro-active causation occurring over brief intervals.)
A temporal illusion in which a stimulus occurring after time t retroactively affects the character of what is perceived as occurring at t.
phi-phenomenon(Grouped with the flash-lag effect as motivating examples for Grush's argument.)
A temporal illusion falling in the category where a later stimulus affects perception of an earlier moment t, constituting a case of apparent retro-active causation.