The philosophical thought experiment as defined by Mach requires deliberate isolation of variables to test intuitions, a criterion absent from most pre-modern Islamic and Jewish examples.

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Isolation of variables(as used in experimental methodology): The practice of changing one thing at a time in an experiment while keeping everything else the same, so you can see what effect that one thing actually has.
Mach(as a philosopher whose theory is being challenged): Ernst Mach was an Austrian physicist and philosopher who divided all reasoning into two main types (usually induction and deduction).
Pre-modern Islamic and Jewish philosophy(as a historical and cultural reference): Philosophical traditions from the Islamic and Jewish worlds that developed before the modern era (roughly before the 1600s), which had their own methods of exploring ideas.
intuitions(Chudnoff's account of intuitions as the basis of a priori justification): Intellectual perceptions that sometimes reveal abstract reality, possessing a presentational phenomenology that can be evoked through imagination, reflection, or reasoning

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