The plutonium example presupposes a counterfactual reading of 'no tokens exist,' but in structural equation frameworks, the type claim is defined by the functional relationships between variables, not by actual token frequencies.

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Functional relationships(as used in logic and metaphysics): A connection between things where one directly depends on or determines the other—like how the height of a shadow depends on the angle of the sun.
Structural equation frameworks(as used in philosophy of science and methodology): A way of modeling relationships between things using mathematical equations that show how changes in one variable affect another, rather than just counting how often things occur.
Token frequencies(as used in philosophy of language and epistemology): How often individual concrete instances of something actually show up in the world or in data we observe.
Type vs. token distinction(as used in metaphysics and philosophy of language): The difference between a general category (the type) and individual instances of it (the tokens). The word 'the' appears multiple times in this sentence—that's one type but many tokens.

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