Interestingly enough, not everyone thinks that such principles are necessary. Indeed, a few key figures in the field still assume that forward looking (remedial) responsibility is grounded in causal responsibility for the harm now deemed in need of a remedy. David Lyons (Lyons 2004) feels comfortable assuming that because the U.S. was causally responsibility for poverty and racism in the past, it now has a responsibility for doing everything that it can to create opportunities for the poor and m