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    It is not the case that The regress objection assumes each higher-order cognition must itself be conscious, but HOT theory requires only that the higher-order state represent the first-order state, not that it be independently conscious.

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    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.If higher-order states lack any phenomenal character, it's unclear how their representations can make first-order states conscious rather than merely accessed.
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    • 2.The distinction between 'representing a state' and 'being conscious of it' may collapse under scrutiny; representation-for-a-conscious-system seems equivalent to consciousness.
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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Representation and consciousness are distinct properties; a state can represent content without itself being phenomenally conscious.
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    • 2.HOT theory avoids infinite regress by breaking the chain: only first-order states need consciousness; higher-order states need only representational capacity.
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    • 3.Many cognitive systems represent information without consciousness; HOT's requirement fits empirical neuroscience better than consciousness-all-the-way-up.
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