The specific qualitative character of human cognition—riddled with cognitive biases, tribalism, and evolutionary heuristics optimized for survival rather than truth or virtue—is precisely what unguided natural selection predicts.

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Cognitive biases(what repeated behavior encodes): Systematic errors in thinking where our brains consistently make the same kinds of mistakes or lean the same wrong way when processing information.
Evolutionary heuristics(explaining why our thinking is shaped a certain way): Quick mental shortcuts our brains developed over millions of years of evolution to help our ancestors survive fast and make quick decisions.
Tribalism(identifying a pattern in human thinking): The human tendency to favor your own group and distrust outsiders, similar to how different tribes historically competed for survival.
natural selection(Endler's critique of Shanahan's continuum account): A process standardly requiring heritability as a necessary condition, distinguishable from random drift; when heritability is removed as a condition, natural selection trivially reduces to the observation that phenotypic differences exist

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