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It is not the case that There is no strong reason to be confident that real thought can only be located in continuous-state machines.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
The claim that real thought requires a continuous-state machine requires justification that has not been provided.
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2.
It is not established that human beings are not themselves essentially discrete-state machines.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against 1 of 2
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1.
Putnam's multiple realizability thesis establishes that mental states are defined by functional organization, not physical substrate.
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2.
If mental states are substrate-neutral, then discrete-state machines instantiating the right functional relations satisfy the conditions for genuine thought.
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3.
No empirical or conceptual argument has demonstrated that continuous-state dynamics are part of the relevant functional organization for cognition.
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Reason against 2 of 2
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1.
Churchland's neuroscientific findings show that neural firing is an all-or-nothing threshold phenomenon, making biological cognition itself fundamentally discrete at the signal level.
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2.
If human brains implement cognition through discrete spike-based encoding, the continuous/discrete distinction cannot be the principled barrier against machine thought.
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