Therefore, the inference from 'same simple cause' to 'indistinguishable effects' wrongly attributes the source of differentiation to the cause rather than to the ontological structure of the effect.

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Differentiation(what Parmenides believes true reality does not allow): The division or separation of something into different parts or kinds; becoming varied or distinct.
Indistinguishable effects(as used in causality): Results or outcomes that are so similar they cannot be told apart from each other.
Ontological: "Ontological" refers to questions about what actually exists or is real. It's concerned with the fundamental nature of being—asking "What kinds of things are there?" rather than "How do we know about them?" For example, an ontological question might be whether numbers, ideas, or God actually exist as real things, or if they're just human inventions.
inference(Nyāya epistemology): A component of epistemology in Nyāya philosophy; a veritable inference yields knowledge about the world and must have premises that are themselves known
ontological structure

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